Structure and control design of levitation electromagnet for. Submitted to the 2004 american control conference 1 lowcost. Pdf the objective of this work is to present two magnetic levitation. There has been a great deal of excitement in the last decade in the field of electromagnetic suspension and levitation due to the possibilities of application to advanced ground transportation vehicles. A magnet can even be stably suspended between diamagnetic fingertips. The electromagnetic levitation system controls the magnetic field generated by an electromagnet to levitate a. This is to certify that the work in the thesis entitled controller design for magnetic levitation system by abhishek nayak is a record of an original research work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the. The design and manufacturing of hybrid electromagnet are. Magnetic levitation, of course, is a well known concept in several practical applications like levitation based trains as well as in simple science toys the most famous of which is the levitron. Current projects nclusion introduction maglev, or magnetic levitation, is a system of transportation. Magnetic levitation and related systems twin goalsto relieve air and ground traffic congestion and to be technologically competitive in transportationhave prompted considerable interest in the united states in highspeed ground transportation alternatives. Development of a magnetic levitation vibration isolator. Magnetic force is used to counteract the effects of the gravitational acceleration and any other accelerations.
However, the introduction of diamagnetic material at special locations can stabilize such levitation. It employs diamagnetism, which is an intrinsic property of many materials referring to their. Magnetic levitation is the process of levitating an object by exploiting magnetic fields. The electromagnet is above the object being levitated. Digital levitation electromagnetic levitation, electromagnetic suspension and levitation techniques. There has been a great deal of excitement in the last decade in the field of. Mar 21, 2012 magnetic levitation maglev can create frictionless, efficient, faroutsounding technologies.
Maglev 4 3 control system design in order to control the ball position, we need to control the current in the electromagnet. It has also analysed and compared the functions and performances of the magnetic suspension system with the hydraulic, and air suspension structures. The floating magnet tends to rotate around, flipping itself to attract to the other magnet. Electromagnetic suspension and levitation 415 where xe is the electric susceptibility of the dielectric body. The electromagnet control loop is designed using the equations. The levitation and guidance is achieved by either magnetic attraction ems electro magnetic suspension or repulsion eds electro dynamic suspension.
In addition to passengercarrying vehicles, controlled dc electromagnet. Abstractlowcost magnetic levitation project kits are used in teaching system design in an introductory undergraduate control systems course. Electromagnetic suspension and electrodynamic suspension are only two types of magnetic levitation and many other forms exist and even more are still likely to be developed. So the idea of device is very simple, the electromagnet lift into the air a piece of magnetic material, and in order to create the floating effect, it is connected with a high frequency, lifting and. For this purpose a stand, a 12 volt electromagnet, eddy current displacement sensor which input voltage is 24 volt and output voltage range is 0 to 10 volt for 0 to 10 mm displacement, siemens logo plc setup board including cpu, cable, analog expansion module. Electromagnetic suspension article about electromagnetic. Electromagnetic suspension and levitation iopscience institute of. How to model electrodynamic magnetic levitation devices. With maglev, a vehicle is levitated a short distance. Electromagnetic levitation eml is a process that can be utilized for refining molten metals in a containerless environment 78 9. This is slightly offtopic from coilguns, but magnetic levitation has many common design principles and is a little easier to build.
Magnetic levitation or maglev propulsion an ems system can provide both levitation and propulsion using an on board linear motor. Highspeed movement is a result of magnetic levitation while propulsion is provided by the fine placement of electromagnets in the form of coils. Jayawant, electromagnetic levitation and suspension systems, publishers. Model of the electromagnetic levitation device tomas hron. Maglev trains seminar report,ppt,pdf,doc,presentation. Mar 29, 2011 wayseer manifesto song here official page song. Electromagnetic levitation works via the magnetic force of repulsion. Article information, pdf download for structure and control design of. Recent advances in signal processing, robotics and automation. The performance of the basic system is designed to be inadequate, allowing students to apply their knowledge to implement improvements in sensors, magnetics, power electronics, and compensation electronics. Magnetic levitation driving without wheels presentation outline 1. This prevents potential contamination from impurities while. If magnetic repulsion is used, it is known as magnetic levitation.
The magnets used in magnetic levitation suspend an object free of contact with any surface, making it particularly appropriate for highspeed 275300 mph435475 kmh transportation, where it greatly reduces friction and allows for fast, quiet operation. Dynamic modeling, timedomain analysis, pi and pid feedback control. The levitron is a commercial toy that exploits this effect, invented by roy harrison in 1983. Stable levitation of one magnet by another with no energy input is usually prohibited by earnshaws theorem. Magnetic levitation system in control engineering education 153 2. To reduce the levitation energy consumption and alleviate the adverse.
This thesis will mainly deal with electromagnetic levitation using feedback techniques to attain stable levitation of a bar magnet. Feedback with electromagnets can be divided into magnetic suspension and levitation. The basic idea is to make a magnet float by holding it up with the repelling force from another magnet. The primary goal was the achievement of a loadindependent resonance frequency across a specified load range in a passively stabilised mechanically constrained configuration, with a view to later. Magnetic levitation maglev or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields. Pdf development of levitation experiments for teaching purposes. Magnetic levitation control system in stand alone analogue mode recall that the considered equipment is with a builtin power supply and in the analogue mode is capable of standalone operation without any computer control software. Earnshaws theorem and braunbecks analysis shows that stable suspension or levitation with permanent magnets is not possible unless part of the system. Design and construction of a magnetic levitation system using. The ridership levels enjoyed by highspeed rail systemsl in france and japan and. Practical applications of magnetic levitation technology. This book is an attempt to survey the current scene in a broad manner, covering the.
In this section, the theory of the magnetic suspension that can be used in the dynamic analysis in the following. The electromagnetic levitation system controls the. Electromagnetic suspension is considered as a widelyused type of. Dec 24, 2015 magnetic levitation captionovercoming the pull of gravity and fighting acceleration are major challenges for scientists looking to achieve flight and or highspeed transportation. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. A comprehensive account is given of stateoftheart and prospective electromagnetic and electromechanical suspension levitation technologies, using both conventional and superconducting materials, with a view both to their performance improvements over differently grounded technologies and their economic feasibility. The inconvenient of this technique is that high heat rates are dissipated in the conductor. Pdf a novel design of electromagnetic levitation system for high. The electromagnetic force is used to counteract the. Magnetic levitation captionovercoming the pull of gravity and fighting acceleration are major challenges for scientists looking. Introduction magnetic levitation is becoming widely applicable in magnetic bearings, highspeed ground transportation, vibration isolation, etc. The induced dipole moment p of the body is given by pjpdv 2 9 p jxeedvxeev. Design and construction of a magnetic levitation system.
Jan 27, 2010 the electromagnetic levitation system is available as a kit or fully assembled unit. Modeling and control of a magnetic levitation system concepts emphasized. Magnetic levitation maglev can create frictionless, efficient, faroutsounding technologies. T railway technology today 12 edited by kanji wako. The suspended magnet can be moved, put into oscillation, or even spun rapidly and the levitation currents will adjust to keep it in suspension. We can derive this linearized model by using standard techniques that is, writing the suspension states and. Electromagnetic suspension and levitation techniques. Recent advances, notably in power electronics and magnetic materials, have focused this attention within the last decade on the application of electromagnetic suspension and levitation techniques. The repulsion force for the levitation is generated by the relative movement between a magnetic field and a conductor. Assuming that the body is small enough for e to remain constant. A tool to support materials research in microgravity containerless processing represents an important topic for materials research in microgravity. Magnetic levitation maglev technologies the tokaido shinkansen began operations in 1964 and was an immediate success. This successful optical levitation in air confirms the work of ashkin and dziedzic.
Another means of using a moving magnet to circumvent earnshaws rule and achieve full levitation is to move the magnet in the presence of an electrical conductor, thereby inducing eddy currents in the conductor and associated repulsive forces on the magnet. T railway technology today 12 edited by kanji wako magnetic. The electromagnetic levitation system is available as a kit or fully assembled unit. Magnetic levitation is a way of using electromagnetic fields to levitate objects without any noise. Introduction from the principal point of view, the magnetic levitation is a method which is used for suspending an object in the air, without any physical contact. Magnetic levitation principles introduction magnetic fields are used to describe forces at a distance from electric currents. Working concept behind ultrahigh speed supersonic trains technology of maglev there are two primary types of maglev technology. Maglev is a technology which uses magnetic forces to suspend vehicles in air. Wills physics laboratory, university of bristol, tyndall avenue, bristol. Magnetic suspension modeling the theoretical study of the magnetic levitation force has been performed in depth by post and ryutov 2000 using the lumpedcircuit analysis.
In order to reduce the heat generation a welldesigned electrodynamic suspension must be. The term levitation refers to a class of technologies that uses magnetic levitation to propel vehicles with magnets rather than with wheels, axles and bearings. Magnetic levitation or maglev propulsion the venus project. A fairly comprehensive bibliography is given to enable the more interested reader. Electromagnetic levitation and suspension techniques book. Maglev derived from magnetic levitation uses magnetic levitation to propel vehicles. Magneticlevitation literally means floating in air. Surprisingly, it is possible to levitate a rotating object with fixed magnets. Keywords suspension, automotive, electromagnetic, magnetic, mechanical, advance engineering, vehicle technology, magnetic levitation, suspension bearing. Students receive individual kits along with assembly instructions for building a magnetic levitation device that is marginally stable, and they are then challenged to modify the system to improve. Here are some of the craziest uses that engineers and designers have dreamed up. How levitation works if you hold two permanent magnets close together, you see that one of them will jump strongly toward or away from the other. In this blog post, we will demonstrate how to model this principle with two examples. But unlike levitron and many other toys, the con guration in fig.
A very simple, surprisingly stable room temperature magnet levitation. These lowcost magnetic suspension kits provide students with an openended design problem. A modicum of success was achieved translating particles horizontally. For a very simple example, some tabletop levitation demonstrations use this principle, and the object cuts a beam of light to measure the position of the object.
Having enough force to levitate it isnt the problem. Electrodynamic magnetic levitation can occur when there are timevarying magnetic fields in the vicinity of a conductive material. Since then, japans shinkansen network has expanded considerably, and its success has prompted rapid development of highspeed railways in other countries as well, especially in the west. The motivation of this paper is to design and fabrication a cost effective magnetic levitation shortly called maglev system using plc. The globe doesnt crash against the magnet, however. Electromagnetic suspension ems uses the attractive magnetic force of a magnet beneath a rail to lift the train. Download the seminar report for magnetic levitation. For this purpose a stand, a 12 volt electromagnet, eddy current displacement sensor which input voltage is 24 volt and output voltage range is 0 to 10 volt for 0 to 10 mm displacement, siemens logo plc setup board including cpu, cable, analog.
Simulations of maglev eds performance with detailed numerical. Electromagnetic levitator an electromagnet creates a magnetic field that attracts a hollow steel globe or similar object upward. If the magnetic force of attraction is used, it is known as magnetic suspension. Either system represents examples of electromagnetic suspension ems. Electromagnetic suspension ems uses the attractive magnetic force of a magnet beneath a rail to lift the train up. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. Since the levitating currents in the superconductor meet no resistance, they can adjust almost instantly to maintain the levitation. Magnetic levitation suspension control system for reaction wheel 3 linearized model a linear controller based on a linearized model is satisfactory in applications where large disturbance forces are not anticipated. The focus of this thesis is the feedback technique. The polarity of the stators figure 1 at the track will quickly change its polarity continuously to move the maglev train.
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